Rice is a versatile ingredient that can be paired with almost any other food item. With over 756 million tons produced worldwide and over half the world’s population living on this grain as a staple food, it’s unsurprising that it is a staple in many cultures.¹ In the supermarket, you may see a various types of rice, including jasmine, black rice, brown rice, white rice, and wild rice.
While rice is immensely popular, some individuals (especially those living with diabetes) worry that consuming rice may lead to blood sugar spikes. So, does rice actually impact blood sugar levels? The answer will depend on the type of rice you choose and how the rice is cooked.
This article will explore more about how white rice may impact blood sugar levels and the health benefits that could be gleaned from including this grain in meals.
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Glycemic Index Table
How rice impacts blood sugar levels depends heavily on the structure and processing of the rice. White rice may seem straightforward, but there are different white rice varieties available that are categorized by the structure and starch ratio of the grain.
Generally, white rice is considered a medium glycemic index food, but this rating can change as differences in white rice varieties impact how the body digests the grain, which can result in a higher or lower glycemic index.
Also, the glycemic load differs greatly depending on the variety of rice consumed. The below information is based on a 100 g serving of boiled, unenriched white rice.² ³ ⁴
Nutritional Facts
As noted above, there are a lot of factors to consider when determining the nutritional content, glycemic index, and glycemic load of rice.
The nutritional facts below are based on a 100g serving of uncooked, long-grain white rice.⁵
Nutritional Facts
Is White Rice Good for Weight Loss?
The effects of white rice on weight loss are conflicting. Some studies have associated diets high in refined grains, like white rice, with weight gain, belly fat, and obesity, while other studies have found no correlation.⁸ ⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹
Also, numerous diets around the world center around the consumption of white rice and have been shown to promote weight loss, specifically in countries where white rice is a daily staple.¹² ¹³ ¹⁴
If you do decide to include white rice in your diet and are looking to lose weight, be mindful of portion sizes and pair this delicious grain with a protein to slow digestion, which will help you feel fuller for longer.
Is White Rice Safe for People Living with Diabetes?
White rice has a moderate glycemic index but could have a higher glycemic index depending on the variety of white rice and the preparation method. It could lead to rapid increases in blood sugar levels, so it is recommended to be mindful of portion sizes.
Another strategy to reduce blood sugar spikes when eating white rice is to pair this food with a lean protein and healthy fat source. This will slow down the absorption of the white rice, leading to less of a spike in your glucose levels.
Bill Tancer, the host of Singos’ Body Signal podcast, recommends eating rice after it has cooled, which will impact how the rice is digested and decrease its glycemic index overall.
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Allergies
Rice allergies are uncommon but possible. Symptoms of an allergy to rice include skin rashes, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing, gastrointestinal discomfort, and possible anaphylaxis.
More common is an allergy to rice protein. This allergy could result from the body reacting to the albumin or globulin, both proteins found in all rice varieties.
Individuals also may experience an intolerance to rice, resulting in digestive issues such as bloating, gas, diarrhea, or stomach discomfort. This could be related to experiencing difficulties in digesting certain components of the rice, such as starches or fiber.
If you suspect an allergy to rice, please consult a healthcare professional.
References
References
- This is how much rice is produced around the world - and the countries that grow the most. (2022, March 9). World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/03/visualizing-the-world-s-biggest-rice-producers/
- Nayar, S., & Madhu, S. V. (2020). Glycemic index of wheat and rice are similar when consumed as part of a North Indian mixed meal. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 24(3), 251. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijem.ijem_4_20
- University of Sydney. (2023, May 1). Glycemic Index – Glycemic Index Research and GI News. https://glycemicindex.com/
- Sun Q, Spiegelman D, van Dam RM, Holmes MD, Malik VS, Willett WC, Hu FB. White rice, brown rice, and risk of type 2 diabetes in US men and women. Arch Intern Med. 2010 Jun 14;170(11):961-9. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.109
- USDA FoodData Central. (2023, April 20). Food Details - Rice, white, long grain, unenriched, raw. Retrieved from https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/2512381/nutrients
- Sonia S, Witjaksono F, Ridwan R. Effect of cooling of cooked white rice on resistant starch content and glycemic response. Asia Pacific Journal Clinical Nutrition. 2015;24(4):620-5. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.4.13. PMID: 26693746.
- Canani RB, Costanzo MD, Leone L, Pedata M, Meli R, Calignano A. Potential beneficial effects of butyrate in intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. World Journal Gastroenterol. 2011 Mar 28;17(12):1519-28. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i12.1519. PMID: 21472114; PMCID: PMC3070119.
- McKeown NM, Troy LM, Jacques PF, Hoffmann U, O'Donnell CJ, Fox CS. Whole- and refined-grain intakes are differentially associated with abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in healthy adults: the Framingham Heart Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2010 Nov;92(5):1165-71. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.29106. Epub 2010 Sep 29. PMID: 20881074; PMCID: PMC2954448.
- Kim J, Jo I, Joung H. A rice-based traditional dietary pattern is associated with obesity in Korean adults. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2012 Feb;112(2):246-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.10.005. Epub 2012 Jan 25. PMID: 22732459.
- Kolahdouzan M, Khosravi-Boroujeni H, Nikkar B, Zakizadeh E, Abedi B, Ghazavi N, Ayoobi N, Vatankhah M. The association between dietary intake of white rice and central obesity in obese adults. ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal. 2013 Mar;9(2):140-4. PMID: 23690814; PMCID: PMC3653247.
- Harris Jackson K, West SG, Vanden Heuvel JP, Jonnalagadda SS, Ross AB, Hill AM, Grieger JA, Lemieux SK, Kris-Etherton PM. Effects of whole and refined grains in a weight-loss diet on markers of metabolic syndrome in individuals with increased waist circumference: a randomized controlled-feeding trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014 Aug;100(2):577-86. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.078048. Epub 2014 Jun 18. PMID: 24944054; PMCID: PMC4095661.
- Sichieri R. Dietary patterns and their associations with obesity in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice. 2002 Jan;10(1):42-8. doi: 10.1038/oby.2002.6. PMID: 11786600.
- Shi Z, Taylor AW, Hu G, Gill T, Wittert GA. Rice intake, weight change and risk of the metabolic syndrome development among Chinese adults: the Jiangsu Nutrition Study (JIN). Asia Pacific Journal Clinical Nutrition. 2012;21(1):35-43. PMID: 22374558.
- Cunha DB, de Almeida RM, Sichieri R, Pereira RA. Association of dietary patterns with BMI and waist circumference in a low-income neighbourhood in Brazil. British Journal of Nutrition. 2010 Sep;104(6):908-13. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510001479. Epub 2010 Apr 27. PMID: 20420750.
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